You know it’s spring when the annual garden tours start popping up.  The Piedmont Gardeners club in Athens, Georgia recently hosted their spring tour.  It was the 26th year for this popular event.Piedmont Gardeners Garden Tour Sign.   @FanningSparksThe tour included 5 great gardens and encouraged visitors to “immerse yourself in this self-guided tour filled with garden creativity and ideas”.  I followed those instructions to the letter and immersed myself in 4 beautiful gardens.  Today I’d like to share some of the creativity and ideas from those gardens.
The Johnston garden on Oaklake Circle was the first garden I visited.  This beautifully manicured space was a brilliant blend of formal and casual.  Here’s an example of how the perfect symmetry, near the garden’s entrance, sends a formal message.
Johnstone Garden - Beautiful Symmetry.   @FanningSparksBut just around the corner, this delightful scene took the edge off the formality.  And, yes, that’s a rock alligator in the green grass!  I love how the gardener used a variety of grasses and plants to “paint” this scene.
Johnstone Garden - Alligator Stones in Grass Painting.   @FanningSparksTouches of whimsy, like this bird sculpture, kept things light and fun.
Johnstone Garden - Touch of Whimsy.   @FanningSparksThis gardener strategically placed large potted plants throughout the garden.  It’s a great way to vary height and add interest.  Planting a delicate ground cover at the base of the potted tree helps the pot blend in and hides the potting soil.  That’s a nice detail I’ve filed away for future reference.
Johnstone Garden - Potted Tree with Ground Cover.   @FanningSparksThe Cavan garden at Mal Bay Rd had a fun, casual vibe.  Here a set of stone steps and a simple arch connect the backyard seating area to a grassed section.
Cavan Garden - Arch Connects Outdoor Spaces.   @FanningSparksThis potting shed caught my eye.  It’s situated towards the back of the property, has open walls, a fun collection of vintage items and a delightful, laid back feel.
Cavan Garden - Vintage Windows Form Wall in Garden Shed.   @FanningSparks

Cavan Garden - Vintage Tools and Garden Items Decorate Garden Shed.   @FanningSparks
This old-timey swing in front of these beautiful azaleas looks so inviting‒until you realize it might be rather difficult to maneuver.  But it sure looks pretty!
Cavan Garden - Old-Timey Swing Over Azaleas.   @FanningSparksSeveral casual floral arrangements were placed throughout the seating and eating areas.  I rarely think to do this but it’s easy to do and adds such a nice touch.
Cavan Garden - Outdoor Flower Arrangements.   @FanningSparksThe Carey garden on Fox Trace featured a network of dry streams and bridges leading to this lovely covered seating area.
Carey Garden - Covered Seating Area.   @FanningSparksThe coffee table adds interest to the seating area with its unusual surface.  It reminds me of a vintage heat grate floor register.
Carey Garden - Floor Register Outdoor Coffee Table.   @FanningSparks Here’s another take on dressing up the soil under a potted tree.  A little driftwood, a few carefully selected stones, and some creeping jenny complete the scene.
Carey Garden - Dressing Up the Container Soil.   @FanningSparksI wrapped up my tour with the Middendorf garden on Jefferson River Rd.  As it turned out, I saved the best for the last!  All the gardens were lovely but the Middendorf garden is located on a 137-acre horse farm, called Silverthorn Farm, which was open for our viewing pleasure.  Gardeners often strive to frame views in their designs but not many have vistas like this!
Middendorf Garden - Horse Pastures.   @FanningSparksThis horse barn is 200 years old and packed with charm and character.
Middendorf Garden - 200-Year-Old Horse Barn.   @FanningSparks

Middendorf Garden - Rack of Horse Shoes.   @FanningSparksThe flower gardens were lovely as well.  This enclosed rose garden was at its prime.
Middendorf Garden - Enclosed Rose Garden.   @FanningSparksThe setting was delightful and the roses were splendid.   It was the perfect way to wrap up a day of magnificent spring gardens.
Middendorf Garden - Pink Roses Surround a White Bird Feeder.   @FanningSparks

Special thanks to the host gardeners who generously opened their gardens for the tour.

More Info

Garden tours have become a recurring theme here on the FanningSparks blog.  Check out these posts:
Charleston’s Glorious Window Boxes
Madison in May – 15 Favorite Fotos.

You can learn more about the Piedmont Gardeners on their website or Facebook page.

Here are a few resources to help you find garden tours:
. Garden tours are often conducted as fund raisers by gardening organizations.  Check your local gardening clubs, master gardener organizations, botanical gardens or fundraising organizations for upcoming events.
. In Georgia USA, Walter Reeves’ website provides a handy schedule of gardening events across the state.
. Across the USA, the Garden Conservancy conducts Open Days.
. In the UK, the National Trust is a great resource.  Check out their What’s On feature to find scheduled events such as garden tours.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Consider participating in a local garden tour.
2. Viewing gardens is a great source of inspiration for your own yard and garden.
3. Be observant‒appreciate the overall garden and take note of the details.

Peg - FanningSparks Author

The floral progression that is spring in the US Southeast goes something like this: camellia, daffodil, redbud, dogwood, azalea, wisteria.  The show goes on but I’ll stop at wisteria because this stunner is the star of today’s post.  Just a few weeks ago, the wisteria vine on our neighbor’s front lawn was in full bloom and at its peak.  At first glance, it was a mound of purple loveliness.
Beautiful Wisteria in Full Bloom.   @FanningSparksUpon closer inspection, a curtain of rich color and shape came into focus.
A Curtain of Purple Wisteria Blossoms.   @FanningSparksThe curtain consisted of dozens of pendulous blooms called racemes.
Wisteria Racemes Start Blooming at the Top.   @FanningSparksSeparate flowers clustered along a central stem to form the raceme.   The flowers open from the top down.
Closeup of Lovely Wisteria Raceme.   @FanningSparksNot only was this wisteria beautiful, it also smelled heavenly.  And it created a soft, musical buzz from all the bumble bees that were busy at work.
Bumble Bee on Wisteria.   @FanningSparksIt was so lovely that I couldn’t resist staging a charming spring picnic under the wisteria.  Luckily, my neighbor was very accommodating.  Thank you, Bill!

NOTE: But first, an important word of caution, please take care because wisteria is poisonous!

Dining al fresco is one of the best benefits of this time of year.  I have a favorite spot on our back porch which overlooks the lake.  But lately I’ve been thinking about broadening my options with the portability of a picnic.  There’s something about a pretty outdoor spot, a wicker basket packed with simple eats, and a blanket on the ground that is so appealing.  Here’s how my picnic under the wisteria started.
Setting Up a Picnic Under the Wisteria.   @FanningSparksHere’s how it came together.
Pretty Spring Picnic Under the Wisteria.  @FanningSparksSpecial thanks to my favorite chef, David, for the curry chicken salad croissants and the caprese salad.
Light Picnic Lunch.   @FanningSparksThis was my first time using this picnic basket.  It was ideal.  It’s a generous size, solidly constructed, and the top serves as a handy, little table.
Generously Sized Picnic Basket  Also Serves as Table.   @FanningSparksI actually found the wicker basket at a local thrift store for only $7.00 but it was missing the lids.  A couple of pieces of MDF, some black spray paint and black cord solved the problem.  Of course, I couldn’t just leave the covers plain black.  A few strips of adhesive vinyl in a simple woven design added some punch.  The new colorful grid is perfect for an impromptu game of tic-tac-toe.
Tic-Tac-Toe Grid on Picnic Basket Lids.   @FanningSparksStaging this picnic was a great photography challenge.  In fact, it was so much fun I may have to do it again!

More Info

Wisteria can be a beautiful addition to your garden but you’ll want to choose one of the tamer varieties.  Steve Bender’s Gardenia.net article, How to Choose the Right Wisteria, provides helpful guidance.  Keep in mind, wisteria is poisonous so you’ll want to take care and plan accordingly.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Make time to enjoy the beauty of spring.

2. Consider dining al fresco at home or on a picnic.

3. If you enjoy photography, consider finding a pretty setting and staging your own spring-themed photo shoot.

Peg - FanningSparks Author

My time at the John C Campbell Folk School has come to an end.  It was bittersweet‒as these events usually are‒to leave the School and head home.  The heart and soul of the Folk School is creativity and making so I’d like to focus on that aspect of my experience in today’s wrap-up.  The context for this post, if you haven’t been following the story, is that I participated in a 9-week Work Study Program at the Folk School.  During this session, I worked for the Folk School as a member of the Garden Crew for 5 weeks and attended classes for 4 weeks.

In a previous post, Work Study Program FAQ, I shared the questions I’m asked most frequently about the program.  Check it out if you’re wondering how the program works.  I’ve also shared my experiences of participating in various classes.

In the week-long From Sheep to Shawl class, we learned the various steps to go from a sheep’s fleece to spun yarn.  Here Martha Owen demonstrates spinning.
Martha Owen Spinning at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksIn Flat-Plane Carving with Harley, I shared the story of this Scandinavian style of woodcarving taught by Harley Refsal.
Harley Refsal Woodcarving at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksIn Center, Open, Pull, I shared my experience learning to throw clay during the week-long Round and Round We Throw class.  Steve Fielding demonstrates throwing.
Steve Fielding Throws Clay at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksI didn’t post about every class I attended although I enjoyed them all.  I participated in a week-long class on glassblowing with Alex Greenwood and Tony Prince.  Here Tony demonstrates flamework.
Tony Prince Demonstrates Flamework at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksWeekend classes on Basketry, Inkle Weaving and Portrait Photography were also informative and great fun.
As you can see, that’s a broad spectrum of subjects.  I deliberately chose to go “wide and shallow” instead of “narrow and deep”.  I selected a variety of classes including media that were completely new to me (eg woodcarving) and media that have interested me for some time (eg basketry and clay).
But the fun didn’t stop there, every week, one or two of the instructors host demonstrations for all students.  I attended as many of these as possible.  This was another excellent way to gain exposure to different media.  Here are a few of the demonstrations I attended.  Paper marbling was demonstrated by Pat K Thomas.
Pat Thomas Marbling at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksVasanto demonstrated felt making.
Vasanto Making Felt at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksA blacksmithing demo was hosted by Paul Garrett who is the Resident Artist for Blacksmithing.
Paul Garrett Blacksmithing at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksMarlow Gates demonstrated broom making.
Marlow Gates Broom Making at the John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksThis is merely a sampling of what the Folk School has to offer.  For instance, I haven’t mentioned the music and dance program but it is very popular and offers a wide variety of classes.

By now, you will understand why I titled this post “A Makers’ Playground”.   It’s an energizing environment.  Instructors bring their expertise and know-how.  Everyone brings their creativity, ideas and inspiration.  Together we play.  Together we create community and art.  Together we make magic!

More Info

Please pin this image for future reference.
The John C Campbell Folk School is a Makers' Playground.   @FanningSparks

I participated in the Work Study Program at the John C Campbell Folk School.  You can learn more about the program in my post First Impressions as a Work Study Student.  Or check out the following posts to learn about the Folk School experience.
. Weave a Market Basket
. Artistic Details Around Campus
. Carving in Brasstown
. Getting Started with Woodcarving
. Work Study Program FAQ
. From Sheep to Shawl
. Flat-Plane Carving with Harley
. Center, Open, Pull.

You can learn more on the John C Campbell Folk School website, their Facebook page or Instagram account.  Information about the Work Study program is found here.

The John C Campbell Folk School is the largest folk school in the U.S. today but there are a number of other folk schools from which to choose.  You can find an index of folk schools under the Folk School Network option on The Folk School Alliance website.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Experience the joy of making by hand.
2. Consider immersing yourself in a new craft.
3. Find a makers’ playground, like the John C Campbell Folks School, near you and dive in.

Peg - FanningSparks Author

Working with clay, as is the case with most media, has its own terminology.  You can hand build or throw clay.  Within hand building, you can use coil or slab construction.  Throwing is done on a potter’s wheel.  Typically, the wheel is used to shape round ceramic ware such as spheres, disks, cylinders, cones and tubes.  We threw clay to make bowls, mugs, vases, and similar forms during a recent week-long class called Round and Round We Throw at the John C Campbell Folk School.

Every reference I’ve checked starts by emphasizing the importance of wedging the clay.  We did the same in our class and spent Sunday evening learning to wedge clay.  Wedging is the process of removing air bubbles and ensuring the clay forms a homogeneous mass.  There are different wedging techniques but we used the one commonly called “ram’s head” which entails using our hands to knead the clay into a shape resembling a bull’s nose or ram’s head before patting it into a ball.
Wedged Clay Balls Ready to Use.   @FanningSparksOn Monday morning, instructors, Steve Fielding and Mike Lalonde, started with an information-packed demonstration.  We learned about the potter’s wheel‒to set the direction and control the speed.  We learned the importance of body position and posture at the wheel.  Here’s a photo of my working station.
Potter's Wheel at our Working Stations.   @FanningSparksWe learned about bats, which are the removable platforms on top of the wheel head, and other pieces of equipment.
Bats and Other Clay Throwing Equipment.   @FanningSparksWe learned about applying water to lubricate the clay without getting it too wet.  Then we watched the essential steps to center, open and pull the clay.   This is Steve demonstrating how to center.
Steve Fielding Demonstrates Centering Clay on the Potter's Wheel.   @FanningSparks
After centering, he demonstrates how to open.
Steve Fielding Demonstrates Opening the Clay.   @FanningS;parksAfter opening, he demonstrates how to pull.  “Center, Open, Pull” quickly became our mantra.
Steve Fielding Demonstrates Pulling the Clay.   @FanningS;parksWe learned about checking the thickness, compressing the rim, shaping, and various other steps.  Here Steve refines the shape of his piece.
Steve Fielding Demonstrates Refining the Shape of his Clay Piece.   @FanningS;parksWe learned about trimming the bottom edge and the importance of a “BOLD undercut” (an instruction delivered with such force that none of us will ever forget it!).
Applying a Bold Undercut.   @FanningSparksThen it was our turn to give it a try.  And try and try and try.  Vince Pitelka puts it this way in his book Clay A Studio Handbook: “When learning to throw, always sit down at the wheel with at least a dozen balls of clay. You must abandon the preciousness of the individual piece. Starting with only a few balls of clay encourages an unconscious determination to make every piece a success and thus an unproductive tendency to overwork the clay. Keep working on a piece if things are going well, but the instant it starts to go bad, scrap it and start another. You will accelerate the learning curve and accomplish far more.” I wish I’d realized this from the get-go.  Abandoning the preciousness of each piece is not something that comes naturally to me!  But I did become very familiar with the Scrap Clay bucket where we abandoned our precious pieces.
Scrap Clay Bucket for Abandoned Pieces.   @FanningSparksThe instructors told us about the importance of a slow and steady touch‒to always apply and release pressure on the clay slowly.  But experience was the best teacher on this point.  Clay is very responsive which means you have total control over how the clay is shaped but it also means one, small misplaced movement can quickly ruin the piece.  Developing the right touch can only be accomplished through a great deal of practice.
Before the end of the first day, we had thrown our first successful pieces and placed them outside to dry.  Here’s one of my first bowls.
My First Thrown Bowl.   @FanningSparksSome of the students were more experienced as evidenced by the beauty of their first pieces.
A Row of Thrown Bowls Dries Outside the Pottery Studio.   @FanningSparksThroughout the week, we witnessed the process to center, open and pull multiple times.  We learned about drying and firing clay.   We learned the steps to complete at each stage from wet, leather-hard, bone-dry to bisque.   We started with bowls and then progressed to cylinders and mugs.  We had fun experimenting with glazes trying different colors and combinations.
My favorite piece turned out to be a spoon rest.  I wanted to try a motif design and got the idea to carve my own stamp from basswood.  After a little trial and error, I got the stamp to the right depth and was able to get a clean impression.
The Swallow Stamp I Carved from Basswood and Used to Impress my Clay Piece.   @FanningSparks
To be on the safe side, I made 3 of these spoon rests.  One cracked during firing but 2 were successful.  Here’s how my favorite new spoon rest looks in my kitchen.
My Swallow Spoon Rest in Use.   @FanningSparksI love this spoon rest!  I love that it’s functional and serves a purpose in my daily life.  But most of all, I love that it is a combination of two new skills I learned at the Folk School‒woodcarving and clay throwing.  It is one of a kind and truly unique to me.

More Info

The American Ceramic Society hosts the CeramicArtsNetwork which is an online community serving active potters and ceramic artists worldwide, as well as those who are interested in finding out more about this craft. I learned about Vince Pitelka’s book Clay A Studio Handbook on this website.

Check out my previous post, called Event Expands Pottery Proficiency, which I wrote after visiting the Perspectives Georgia Pottery Invitational held in Watkinsville, Georgia in the fall of 2018.

I participated in the Work Study Program at the John C Campbell Folk School.  You can learn more about the program in my post First Impressions as a Work Study Student.  Or check out the following posts to learn about the Folk School experience.
. Weave a Market Basket
. Artistic Details Around Campus
. Carving in Brasstown
. Getting Started with Woodcarving
. Work Study Program FAQ
. From Sheep to Shawl
Flat-Plane Carving with Harley.

You can learn more on the John C Campbell Folk School website, their Facebook page or Instagram account.  Information about the Work Study program is found here.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Consider learning the terminology of a medium that interests you.
2. Nothing beats hands on experience to deepen your appreciation of an art or craft.
3. Explore the possibilities of combining media into a single piece.

Peg - FanningSparks Author

Week-long classes at the Folk School provide a great opportunity to learn a new skill or hone an existing one.  They also afford sufficient time to get to know your instructor and your fellow students.  In my experience, all the Folk School instructors have been great; they are knowledgeable experts who care about helping their students learn.  But some instructors stand out from the crowd‒Harley Refsal is a case in point.  Harley is the kind of instructor students come back to study with again and again.  He’s a highly regarded, talented woodcarver.  But what makes him special is his manner and approach‒he teaches with patience, attentiveness and caring.
Harley Refsal Demonstrates Flat-Plane Carving.   @FanningSparks
My class was fortunate to have a second instructor, Frank Boyd, who is also a talented woodcarver and shares Harley’s easy-going, caring manner.  The mutual respect and admiration between Harley and Frank was obvious throughout the week.  Add in Frank’s crazy sense of humor, a great group of students, the rich heritage of the Folk School Carving Studio, and you have the perfect recipe for an unforgettable week.

Harley specializes in flat-plane figure carving which is a style of woodcarving with Scandinavian roots.  Flat-plane carving is a minimalist style, with strong, simple cuts that leave the tool marks exposed.  It’s all about bold, flat facets designed to catch the light and cast shadows.  I heard Harley state several times that he aims to make as few cuts as possible using only his carving knife.  That is not a simple matter.  I know from my own, limited beginner experience, that it’s easier to control multiple small, safe cuts.  So flat-plane carving may look simple but it’s not.  Harley calls it “the difficult art of simplification”.

The Folk School course description for Scandinavian-style Figure Carving promises “No experience required-if you can peel potatoes, you can do this!”.  Yet it’s still surprising when Harley starts off the class by teaching how to carve a carrot!  Note Harley always wears a carving glove; he only removed it for this demo so we could see his hands more clearly.
Harley Refsal Demonstrates Carving a Carrot.    @FanningSparksAfter carving the simple carrot form, we drilled a small hole at the top of the carrot with a hand drill.  Here’s my carrot (bottom left) about to be drilled.
My Woodcarving of a Carrot in Progress.   @FanningSparksThe class progressed from carrots to fish.  Harley uses a fish figure to introduce the topic of wood grain and how to adjust your cutting technique according to the direction of the grain.  He uses a simple phrase “Always ski downhill” as a reminder to push the knife in the same direction as the wood grain.  Here is a finished fish, often referred to as the “go by”, in front of my fish carving blank.
Flat-Plane Carved Fish Go By Model and Carving Blank.   @FanningSparksHarley brought a variety of figures and carving blanks to give the students lots of options.
A Variety of Carving Blanks with Go By Models by Harley Refsal.   @FanningSparks The tomte, a figure inspired by the work of painter/illustrator Jenny Nyström (1854-1946) creator of the Swedish image of the Jultomte, is one of Harley’s favorites.
A Flat-Plane Carved Tomte by Harley Refsal.   @FanningSparksHarley emphasized the importance of a sharp knife and demonstrated knife sharpening techniques.  Here he is using a series of credit card-sized Dia-sharp sharpeners from DMT (Diamond Machine Technology).
Harley Refsal Demonstrates Sharpening a Carving Knife.   @FanningSparksI decided to tackle a horse figure next.  Here’s the go by with my carving blank.
A Go By Model and Carving Blank for a Horse.   @FanningSparksThis horse figure lends itself to the flat-plane style.  I was pleased with my progress.
My Flat-Plane Carving of a Horse in Progress.   @FanningSparksThen for my biggest carving challenge to date, I decided to take on a figure of a man designed to hold a sign.  This is the go by model carved by Harley.
A Man Stands Ready to Hold a Sign.  This Flat-Plane Wood Carving is by Harley Refsal.   @FanningSparksHere’s my carving blank with the first section carved out around his left shoe.
My SignHolder Figure in Progress.   @FanningSparksI worked on this figure for several days with lots of assistance from Harley and Frank.  In the below photo, I’m about to tackle the face.  One lesson I learned is the importance of marking your cuts.  A pencil is indeed a critical tool for woodcarving.
My Signholder Figure with Face Marked.   @FanningSparksAlthough I decided to leave my figure natural, we learned how to paint and finish our pieces.  Harley thins water-based acrylics to paint his carvings.
Tomte Carved Figure with Painting in Progress.   @FanningSparksThen he finishes them with a matte finish wax such as Watco Satin Wax.
A Flat-Plane Carved Figure being Waxed.   @FanningSparksI chose the sign holder figure because it’s functional.  But as I looked for the perfect spot to place it in my home, I realized it’s so much more than just a sign holder-it’s a delightful reminder of the joy of creating and wonderful days spent carving with Harley, Frank and my new carving friends.

More Info

You can see Harley Refsal in action in this Craft in America video: Wood carver Harley Refsal & John C. Campbell Folk School from the December 2013 holiday episode.

Harley has authored several books, which are available online, including:
. Whittling Little Folk
. Carving Flat-Plane Style Caricatures
. Scandinavian Figure Carving: From the Viking Era to Doderhultarn, Trygg and Modern Carvers.

In addition to teaching at the John C Campbell Folk School, Harley teaches at the North House Folk School in Minnesota and the Vesterheim Folk Art School in Iowa.

I participated in the Work Study Program at the John C Campbell Folk School.  You can learn more about the program in my post First Impressions as a Work Study Student.  Or check out the following posts to learn about the Folk School experience.
. Weave a Market Basket
. Artistic Details Around Campus
. Carving in Brasstown
. Getting Started with Woodcarving
. Work Study Program FAQ
. From Sheep to Shawl.

You can learn more on the John C Campbell Folk School website, their Facebook page or Instagram account.  Information about the Work Study program is found here.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Consider trying a “high touch, low tech” activity such as woodcarving to offset today’s technology driven world.
2. Explore different styles within a chosen craft or medium.
3. When you find an instructor you admire, support his/her efforts by spreading the word, purchasing their pieces, attending their classes, and so on.
Peg - FanningSparks Author

The current trend to trace food from source to final destination (eg farm-to-fork; field-to-table) is equally fascinating in the world of apparel.  In my post, Watching Cotton Grow, I touched on Alabama Chanin’s field-to-fashion journey with organic cotton.  A recent class at the John C Campbell Folk School, called From Sheep to Shawl, and taught by Martha Owen (Resident Artist for Spinning, Knitting & Crochet, Feltmaking, Dyeing and Surface Design) took a similar approach.

We started by learning about the various breeds of sheep along with their characteristics and qualities.  Martha is a charming storyteller and she peppered the information with delightful anecdotes and stories.  An interesting factoid: did you know that sheep often wear “coats” for a few weeks prior to shearing to keep their wool cleaner?
Sheep Wearing Coats to Keep Wool Cleaner.   @FanningSparksWe capped off the week with a visit to Martha’s sheep farm.  There we saw two different herds of sheep, the Corriedales and Romneys; and the Shetland sheep.  Seeing the sheep “up close and personal” definitely brought the information to life.
Sheep in Coat Looking Up.   @FanningSparksShetland Sheep Recently Sheared.   @FanningSparks
Young Shetland Sheep visited during Spinning and Dyeing class at John C Campbell Folk School. @FanningSparks
Having learned a few basics about sheep, we moved on to the next step in the journey… preparing the fleece.  Sheep are typically sheared once a year when their coats are full.  Martha brought a fleece from one of her own sheep, with the unique name of Henty Leggets, for the class to examine and prepare.
Fleece from Sheep Named Henty Leggets.   @FanningSparksWe washed the fleece and hung it to dry overnight.
Washed Fleece Hung to Dry.   @FanningSparksThe next day, we skirted the fleece meaning we removed all the nasty bits and vegetable contamination.  Then it was time to start discussing natural dyeing… one of my favorite subjects!  First we mordanted the wool with alum and cream of tartar to ensure the dyes would fix in the wool.
Large Pot Used to Mordant the Wool.   @FanningSparksWe started experimenting with various dyestuffs.  We filled separate dye pots with marigolds, onion skins and cochineal.  Then we doubled our options by adding iron or overdyeing.  We were pleasantly surprised every time wool was pulled out of a dye pot.  The below dye is cochineal‒a natural red dye prepared from the dried bodies of the cochineal insect.Removing Wool from Cochineal Dye Pot.   @FanningSparksWe also made a “rainbow pot” by layering the various dyestuffs, cheesecloth, and wool.  Here’s how that wool turned out.  Isn’t it pretty?
Dyed Wool from Rainbow Pot Dye Technique.   @FanningSparks
We had fun reviewing some vintage dyeing recipes although we weren’t able to actually use them.
Vintage Dye Recipes with Samples.   @FanningSparksAs our dyed wool dried, we shifted back to preparing the wool.  We learned to card wool, first with hand carders then with a drum carder.
Hand Carders Used to Card Wool.   @FanningSparksAs you might expect, the drum carder was much faster and easier.
Drum Carder Used to Card Wool.   @FanningSparksWe did a bit of combing.  But the bulk of our time was spent learning to spin.  Here’s the spinning wheel I attempted to use.
Spinning Wheel Used in Class.   @FanningSparks
I say “attempted” because I never did quite get the hang of it as evidenced by my knobby yarn.
My First Attempt at Spinning.   @FanningSparksI should add the rest of the class did catch on and lots of beautiful yarn was spun.  Here’s the class display for the Student Exhibit at the end of the week.
Spinning and Dyeing Class Display at Student Exhibit at John C Campbell Folk School.   @FanningSparksI learned a variety of new skills and have a new appreciation for the journey wool makes from sheep to shawl.  Special thanks to Martha Owen and my fellow students for a great week!

More Info

You can learn more about Martha Owen at Martha Owen Woolens on Facebook.

I’ve had an interest in natural dyeing for some time.  Check out my previous post, called Natural Dye Making , about a Natural Dyes workshop I attended at the Robert C. Williams Museum of Papermaking in Atlanta.

To learn more about the journey cotton takes from field-to-fashion, check out my post Watching Cotton Grow.

I’m currently participating in the Work Study Program at the John C Campbell Folk School.  You can learn more about the program in my post First Impressions as a Work Study Student.  Or check out the following posts to learn about the Folk School experience.
. Weave a Market Basket
. Artistic Details Around Campus
. Carving in Brasstown
. Getting Started with Woodcarving
. Work Study Program FAQ.
You can learn more on the John C Campbell Folk School website, their Facebook page or Instagram account.  Information about the Work Study program is found here.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Consider the supply chain, from source to destination, for your favorite materials.
2. Explore the various steps required to process a raw material, such as wool, into a final product.
3. Not all crafts will be a good fit for you.  Explore and experiment to find those you wish to pursue.
Peg - FanningSparks Author