FanningSparks – Page 21 – A DIY and lifestyle blog authored by Peg Frizzell.

Artists Decorate Exteriors Make Other Media Southeast Travel USA

Have Barn Quilts Made a Comeback?

Barn quilts were all the rage about 20 years ago. Artists and enthusiasts across the country were painting large quilt blocks and hanging them on their barn walls. Community members joined forces to organize quilt trails. Local visitor centers created barn quilt maps and encouraged people to come visit. Curious visitors travelled scenic back roads in search of barn quilts and found local culture along the way. Discoveries were shared. Guide books were written. More barn quilts were created and the cycle continued. The Barn Quilt Movement was in full swing.
All of this came to mind, when I spotted these pretty, scaled-down barn quilts on a recent visit to the Red Oak Lavender Farm (see my Stop and Smell the Lavender blog post).

It made me wonder… what ever became of barn quilts? Are they still a thing? My quest for answers led me to the beautiful state of Kentucky. In addition to stunning horse farms, …

…endless miles of plank board fences, …

…spectacular, award-winning thoroughbred mares, …

…and their adorable foals, …

…I found an amazing variety of gorgeous barn quilts sprinkled around the state.

This pretty blue barn quilt, in a Carpenter’s Square pattern, was spotted in Ravenna Kentucky. It is part of the Madison County Kentucky Quilt Trail. Wikipedia describes a quilt trail as “a series of painted wood or metal hung or freestanding quilt squares installed along a route emphasizing significant architecture and/or aesthetic landscapes”.

The first barn quilt trail was started by Donna Sue Groves. She came up with the idea while working for the Ohio Arts Council in the 1990s. Donna Sue shared her story in Following the Barn Quilt Trail: “I learned the value of using the arts to build a sense of community, particularly through creating large public murals. … I also realized that the majority of communities held annual quilt shows and everyone seemed to have a quilt story. …Most rural communities did not have large, blank, store walls or a floodwall for murals, but they did have barns. … Why not make use of those barn walls specifically for a community project decorating them with quilt squares?” Adams County Ohio, where Donna Sue lived, launched their trail and dedicated their first quilt square in October 2001. The idea caught on and soon interested parties were reaching out for more information. The Ohio team generously shared their how-to information and encouraged the recipients to pass along what they learned. Since then, barn quilt trails were established in nearly every American state as well as many Canadian provinces.
This barn quilt was spotted near Richmond, Kentucky.

The pattern is called The Star Within. It is typical of traditional, patchwork quilt patterns with regularly, repeating shapes and a planned, repetitious color scheme in a symmetrical design.

Many of the barns, called tobacco barns because they were once used to air-cure tobacco, are no longer in use.
Ironically, some of the barn quilts appear as if they will outlive the barns on which they are displayed.

This pattern is a Nine Patch Star.

The residents of Estill County in Kentucky also embraced the Barn Quilt Movement during its heyday. As explained on their website, “The Estill County Quilt Trail is a project of the Estill Arts Council that became a true community wide effort. Citizens from all walks of life, both women and men and, young and old, came together to help in the selection of quilt patterns and barn sites. Mondays became known as the “quilting bee” night as volunteers showed up to draw and paint, for close to two years, in order to complete and install over 50 quilt squares. Through this project many new friendships were made and a sense of pride in the rich cultural heritage of the community’s historic, agricultural, and folk art roots was realized.” I recently had the opportunity to travel sections of the Estill County Quilt Trail and admire several of the barn quilts created by this talented group.
As I entered the town of Irvine, it quickly became obvious barn quilts are no longer just for barns. For instance, visitors to this quiet, pleasant town are greeted by this colorful barn quilt on the local optometrist’s office.

Many quilt patterns have a fascinating backstory. For instance, the Log Cabin pattern, shown below, “is one of the most well-known and popular of all patchwork patterns … it symbolized home, warmth, love and security.” As explained on the Homestead Quilt Discovery Experience website, “The center square of the block was done in red to represent the hearth, the focal point of life in a cabin or home. The name, Log Cabin, comes from the narrow strips of fabric, or logs arranged around the center square. Each fabric strip or log was added to the pattern in much the same way logs were stacked to build a cabin … Many Log Cabin patterns were worked in two color schemes, lights and darks, divided diagonally in the middle. This represented the sun’s east to west movement in the sky. As the sun rose, its light shown on the cabin, creating the light side of the block. As the sun traveled west, part of the cabin was left in the shadow, creating the dark side of the block.”
This Log Cabin quilt square is prominently displayed at the Estill County Historical and Genealogical Museum and Research Center.

The local florist shop also got into the quilt square action with this aptly chosen pattern, known as Flower Basket, painted on the shop’s wall.

The charismatic town of Berea Kentucky also features several outstanding barn quilts. Berea, considered the Folk Arts and Crafts Capital of Kentucky, hosts the Festival of LearnShops every summer. The LearnShops are short workshops on a wide variety of subjects such as sustainable living, Appalachian crafts, fiber arts, jewelry making and, you guessed it, painting barn quilts! Berea boasts a number of artisan studios, art galleries, and unique boutiques. Many of these businesses are located in the Artisan Village area of town. The Honeysuckle Vine Gallery & Studio proudly displays a Grandmother’s Fan barn quilt.

Traditionally, barn quilts were large–typically 8-feet square—but, today, talented artists and enthusiasts are creating barn quilt squares in a variety of sizes and configurations. Groupings of three quilt squares, like those shown below, are sprinkled throughout Berea. These were spotted in front of the Berea College Farm.

A little online research reveals interest in barn quilts remains strong. The original Barn Quilt Movement may have slowed but scores of people, as evidenced by the 38,000+ members of the Barn Quilt Addicts Facebook Group, are still painting quilt squares to decorate their homes, garages, sheds and surroundings. The quilt squares may be smaller—typically 4 feet square or less—but the beautiful patterns and joyful colors are the same. Barn quilts, it seems, don’t need a comeback—they never went away!

More Info

Check out my previous post, Stop and Smell the Lavender, for a visit to the Red Oak Lavender Farm & Shop in Dahlonga, Georgia, USA.
The Kentucky Tourism website provides information about visiting Kentucky’s famed horse farms. “Centered around Lexington but found all around the state, these farms are responsible for breeding, raising and training the magnificent horses that dominate the racetrack. Many farms offer set hours for visitors, and several companies lead guided tours.”
Check out the the Madison County Kentucky Quilt Trail or the Estill County Kentucky Quilt Trail website for more information.
Special thanks to Mary Reed for pointing me in the right direction!
To learn more about Berea, the Folk Arts & Crafts Capital of Kentucky, check out the Visit Berea website. Information about the annual Festival of LearnShops can be found there. Stay tuned here, to the FanningSparks blog, for an accounting of my experiences attending the Berea LearnShops!
After a wonderful visit to the beautiful state of Kentucky, I was deeply saddened to hear about the Central Appalachia floods which recently devastated eastern Kentucky. My thoughts are with all the talented and charming Kentuckians I met during this trip.
Suzi Parron is the author of two books: Barn Quilts and the American Quilt Trail Movement, written in cooperation with Donna Sue Groves in 2012, and Following the Barn Quilt Trail in 2016.
You can learn more about the Quilt Discovery Experience at the Homestead National Historical Park in Beatrice, Nebraska on their website.
Check out the Barn Quilt Addicts public group on Facebook for “pictures of Barn Quilts of all sizes from anywhere and everywhere, barns, quilts. … creations, … ideas, tips.”

Today’s Takeaways

1. A barn quilt is a painted replica of a quilt square. Traditionally, barn quilts were 8 feet square and mounted on barn walls. Today, barn quilts are painted in a variety of sizes and displayed in a myriad of places.
2. A barn quilt trail is a series of barn quilts installed along a route designed to encourage visitors.
3. Consider seeking out a barn quilt trail near you.

How Tos Make Nature Other Media Wildlife

New Chickadee Gourd Nest Box Goes on the Market

Earlier this month, I shared my plans to build a nest box from a gourd. Nest boxes are typically customized to meet the nesting needs of specific birds. In this case, I chose to target chickadees—those delightful, little black-capped songbirds. This is a Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) holding a berry.

My new chickadee gourd nest box looks quite promising. However, the real test—whether breeding chickadees actually move in—won’t take place until the next nesting season. In the meantime, I’d like to share how I made this gourd nest box.
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s NestWatch website provides specifications for various wooden nest boxes including those intended for chickadees. They specify, for instance, how big the interior of a nest box should be for the chickadee’s nest and hatchlings. They also specify the size of the entrance hole—it should be just big enough for a chickadee to enter and exit while keeping out predators and undesired birds. Check out my previous post, Are Gourds for the Birds?, for the full rundown on these specifications. Most of the NestWatch specs were easy to apply but I did have to find a few workarounds to compensate for the differences between gourds and wood.

My project started with a visit to a nearby gourd farm. Bug’s Gourd Farm is a small, family business in the beautiful countryside of Eastern Georgia. They had tons of dried, raw gourds to choose from.

The folks at Bugs Gourd Farm were very helpful—answering my questions and helping me find just the right gourds (Thank you Ann!). They even gave me a few cracked gourds for practicing. The challenge was to find two gourds that would fit together—one for the main body and the other for a roof. Ideally, a nest box has a sloped roof with a 2-4” overhang on the front and a 2” overhang on the sides. I selected a martin gourd for the body (shown below left) and a kettle gourd (aka pear or teardrop gourd) for the roof (shown below right).

I decided to cut the roof section with a scalloped edge to add some interest. Paper templates were taped to the gourd to draw a cutting line.

It was easier to cut the scalloped roofline in two passes. In the first pass, I cut a straight line all the way around the gourd. In the second pass, I cut the indents for the scallops. Then with my safety respirator firmly in place, I used my Dremel sanding drum to shape the scallops and smooth the edges.
Since this was my first time cutting gourds, I had to try a few different tools and techniques to find a method that worked for me. The most popular method, according to my online research, is to use a miniature jigsaw specifically designed for cutting gourds. Two examples are The Caning Shop’s Gourd Saw and Welburn Gourd Farm’s Super Jigsaw Proxxon STS/E. Since I’m not quite ready to make this kind of investment, I decided to try using my Dremel with a cutting wheel. I was able to cut the gourd but it was awkward to use and resulted in a rough cut. I had better results with a scrolling saw blade in my regular DeWalt jigsaw. However, it was rather tricky to keep the jigsaw’s base plate snug against the gourd’s round surface.
The gourd’s shape also presents a challenge when securing the gourd for the cut. I used a combination of wood blocks and clamps to keep my gourd locked in place. This is where the scaled-down size of a gourd saw has a definite advantage—it is small and light enough to be used one-handed. It seems to be common practice to hold a gourd with one hand while using the other hand to cut with the gourd saw. Obviously, no matter which cutting tool is used, it’s critical to use it safely.
My next step was to remove the top, stem-end from the body of the main gourd to allow the roof to sit snuggly on top.

It can take a few tries to get the fit right. Here’s how mine looked with the roof sitting on the body.

My next step was to make an access door for future cleaning and monitoring. After deciding which side would be the front of the nest box, I marked a long, narrow loop on the backside. It’s easier to start and end the cut at the top rim than to cut a free-standing hole. I cut carefully since the cutout section will be used to close the opening.

Here’s how I clamped the gourd into place so I could cut the door with my jigsaw.

The door also provides easy access to remove dried seeds and fibers from the inside of the gourd. A round scoop or metal spoon can be used to scrap along the sides. It’s not necessary to remove every piece of fiber. In fact, it’s preferable to leave the inside of the gourd a little rough to help future nestlings climb out of the nest box.
The top edge of the door will slip neatly under the roof section. Therefore, all that’s needed to keep the door in place is a closure at the bottom. I made a closure with two pieces of wire, two beads and two 1” metal washers. The steps are illustrated below.
1. Drill a hole in the door and the wall. Cut a length of wire and bend it in half.
2. Slide a plastic bead onto the wire. Insert the ends of the wire through the hole in the door—from front to back—leaving about 1” of wire on the front.
3. Twist the wires between the bead and the door.
4. On the inside of the door, slip a 1” flat washer onto the wires, crisscrossing the wires through the hole in the center. Twist the ends of the wires to tighten and bend them out of way.
5. Repeat for the corresponding hole in the wall of the gourd.
6. To close the door, simply twist the two beaded wires together.

The roof was attached with a similar approach. I set the roof in place and carefully drilled through both the roof and body gourds. Working from the inside of the main gourd, I pulled a piece of wire through both holes to the outside, slipped a bead onto the wire, and pushed the wire back inside the gourd. Then I threaded the ends of the wire through a washer and twisted the wires to tighten them. All the mechanics are nicely hidden inside the gourd with only 3 small beads visible on the roof.

The final construction step was to bore holes for the entrance, drainage and ventilation. The NestWatch specifications called for an entrance hole with a diameter of 1⅛”. After trying a few test holes, I settled on using a 1” hole saw drill bit to bore the initial hole and then sanding the edges out to the desired 1⅛”. A round wood file worked well for this step. Alternatively, a Dremel sanding drum could be used.
Four ⅜” drainage holes were drilled around the bottom of the body gourd. Four ⅝” ventilation holes were drilled up under the roof towards the top edge of the body gourd. In hindsight, it would have been easier to drill the ventilation holes before attaching the roof.
The NestWatch specifications state nest boxes should be made with untreated and unpainted wood. Thus, I left the gourds untreated. I could not, however, resist the temptation to embellish the front with a painted design. I chose exterior paints because the gourd house will be exposed to rain, sun and changing temperatures. The base is simply interior/exterior paint from Behr custom mixed in my favorite shade of moss green. The black outlines are done with a Sharpie Extreme Permanent Marker—markers designed to withstand UV rays and the other rigors of weather.

Transferring patterns to the gourd can be difficult due to its curved surface. I found cutting my paper pattern into small, manageable sections and taping them to the surface individually made it easier. A regular lead pencil and a white plastic eraser worked well for this step.

Here’s how the decoration turned out.

As recommended by the NestWatch website, I used a metal pole to mount my nest box. It is a 5-foot length of ½” black steel with a threaded end. After finding the bottom center of the nest box, I used wood screws to attach a 3” metal floor flange to the nest box. Then the metal floor flange was attached to the pole. These components were found in the plumbing department at my local Home Depot store. A predator guard, such as a metal collar or section of stovepipe, can be added to the metal pole.
The final step is to select a site the chickadees will like. Chickadees nest in dense natural habitat, such as thickets of small trees, so the recommended placement is 4-8’ high in a stand of small trees. I plan to install my nest box in a shaded area to help keep it cool.
After selecting my final site, I will use a 2-foot piece of steel rebar to secure the metal pole in place. I’ll push the rebar into the ground ensuring it is plumb and slip the metal pole over the rebar.
And then I must wait! While chickadees may check out my new gourd nest box over the next months, I won’t know until next nesting season if any chickadees will take up residence and start a family!

More Info

See my previous post, Are Gourds for the Birds?, to learn more about cavity-nesting birds and NestWatch recommendations for birdhouses and nest boxes.
The NestWatch website, by The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, has many great resources for bird enthusiasts.
Bug’s Gourd Farm is located in Keysville, Georgia, USA. You can learn more on their website.
More information about the gourd saws mentioned in this post can be found on The Caning Shop website (see Gourd Crafting > Supplies & Tools) or the Welburn Gourd Farm website (see Tools & Supplies > Jigsaws and Jigsaw Blades).

Today’s Takeaways

1. Consider using a gourd to make a nest box.
2. Customize your nest box to the size and preferences of the birds you wish to target.
3. Advance planning and patience are needed to attract nesting birds to your surroundings.

Artists Make Other Media Southeast Travel USA

Nature Connects and Pops with LEGO Bricks

Fun Fact #1: The name LEGO® is derived from two Danish words “Leg Godt” which mean “Play Well”.
Fun Fact #2: Judging from his award-winning LEGO art exhibitions, artist Sean Kenney knows how to play well!
LEGO enthusiasts in the USA Southeast are fortunate to have had access to two of Sean Kenney’s exhibitions recently:
. Sean Kenney’s Nature Connects® was on display at the Atlanta Botanical Garden in Gainesville this past spring. The exhibition featured 15 amazing sculptures constructed entirely of LEGO bricks.
. Sean Kenney’s Nature POP®! is on display at Zoo Atlanta until early August. The exhibition features 40 LEGO sculptures with an unexpected twist.
Both exhibitions draw upon the way LEGO bricks connect to emphasize the interconnectivity of nature. They “challenge guests to consider: just as LEGO bricks interconnect, how is everything in nature interconnected?”
I had the pleasure of visiting both of these exhibitions and I’d like to share a few highlights in today’s blog post.
One of the first LEGO sculptures to greet visitors to the Nature Connects exhibition was a stunning, larger-than-life peacock. With its striking pose and vibrant colors, it was one of my favorite pieces. Viewing the sculpture from a few steps away, one would never guess it was constructed from LEGO bricks.

A closer look, however, reveals the familiar LEGO pieces and their blocky surfaces.

There are, as reported on the accompanying exhibit card, 68,827 bricks in this structure which took 625 hours to build. The Number of LEGO Bricks and Total Hours to Build were reported for all the LEGO sculptures on display. I overheard quite a few visitors discussing these data points and marveling at the effort involved.

This hummingbird sculpture, considered the centerpiece of the exhibition, is awe-inspiring. It is amazingly realistic with the hummingbird appearing to hover over the orange trumpet flower. The sculpture stands over eight feet tall!

Anyone who has ever played with LEGO is bound to wonder how this sculpture was made. I found an explanation in an Imagine Exhibitions’ interview with Sean Kenney. When asked about going from inspiration to creation, he replied “Each sculpture can have a different process. For example, the design of my “Hummingbird and Trumpet Flower” sculpture in [the] Nature Connects show just “popped” in my head the minute someone said “hummingbird.” I immediately had this vision of something that you could actually walk under, suspended as if by magic. Creating a spindly little nose and paper-thin wings built out of chunky LEGO pieces seemed like a wonderful challenge and, if done right, something that would look amazing. I spent about 4 weeks designing and planning this specific piece; researching images of hummingbirds in nature, choosing the perfect colors and designing the internal steel reinforcements, then about 5+ weeks building it.”

The below gigantic dragonfly sculpture was sensational. It is a Roseate Skimmer, “one of North America’s most beautiful large dragonflies … only the male is rosy-purple with dark red eyes, a purple thorax, and rosy pink-red abdomen.”

This dragonfly, along with all the other LEGO sculptures, was built in the artist’s New York City studio and shipped to the exhibition location. When asked “How are you able to make your sculptures structurally sound enough to withstand shipping, weather, and other unpredictable events involved with traveling exhibitions?”, Kenney answered “I work with a staff of artists in my studio who help me with my creations. Each sculpture is fully glued, steel reinforced, custom-crated, and designed to tour and last for the ages.
Even before a single LEGO brick is placed, my team and I do a lot of design work to figure out what the sculpture is going to look like and how it can physically work. We scrawl drawings on scraps of paper, gesture wildly, wield tape measures, hold metal bars with LEGO pieces glued to them pretending to be gravity, and all kinds of other crazy things that you do when you’re planning such a large endeavor.
It’s a lot of hard work for us to build the sculptures as sturdy and efficiently as possible, working around metal that’s welded slightly imperfectly, dealing with things getting too heavy or large horizontal things that want to crack in half, interlocking bricks as tightly as possible, building support beams inside, and all kinds of other physical hurdles.
But, working on large projects is my favorite thing to do! They’re the most fun of all, because they require a lot of creative planning, a lot of building, and they always end up creating a big “wow” for both parents and kids.”
Knowing these sculptures are reinforced with steel, I examined the dragonfly very carefully for evidence of internal supports and was able to spot a small section of metal between the body and wing.

This spectacular monarch butterfly is sitting on a milkweed bloom. As explained on the exhibit card “The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) depends on milkweed (Asclepias sp.) as a food source for its larvae, known as caterpillars. Monarch numbers are in decline due to a number of factors, including the decline of milkweed throughout the range. You can help conserve monarchs by planting native milkweed species and limiting pesticide use in your garden.” This is a great example of how, as a Smithsonian Magazine article puts it, “Sean Kenney’s works of art often call attention to endangered species and advocate for conservation”.

That same article goes on to discuss how lifelike Kenney’s sculptures appear to be. “One of the biggest challenges is trying to get the softness of [an animal’s] features and the expressiveness of the face right while using what is otherwise a very blocky, low-resolution medium,” he says. “To me, that’s one of the most fun things to overcome. When you’ve done it, you’ve really done it. You step back and are proud of it.” This deer doe and fawn are a case in point.

A gardening scene, complete with a grandfather planting, granddaughter watering (shown below) and wheelbarrow, drove home the message about the need to connect with nature. The exhibit card explained “Digging in the soil, watching plants grow from seeds, caring for plants and harvesting food from plants are fun, healthy and rewarding activities. Gardening is a great way to experience nature in an up close and personal way. Studies have long documented the powers of gardening when it comes to physical and mental health. Horticulture therapy often is used as a way to heal the body and soul. Did You Know? Gardening reduces the chance of heart attack and stroke.”

These Nature Connects’ sculptures were amazingly lifelike. Obviously, a great deal of attention was paid to the sculptural details including the use of color. As a result, seeing the second exhibition, Sean Kenney’s Nature Pop!, was a delightful surprise—the sculptures have the same realistic details but the colors are bold and deliberately unrealistic.
This Galápogos tortoise, for instance, is “typically colored to match its mud-colored surroundings” but rendering the sculpture “in bright red draws attention to its domed shape and massive size.”

In the midst of Covid-19, according to Smithsonian Magazine, Kenney was “dreaming up a ‘colorful, punchy and playful’ exhibition called ‘Nature POP’ that gives the natural world a new spin.” At the time, he shared his vision, “Imagine a lawn full of giant bunny rabbits in polka dots and stripes, or a neon-blue woodpecker on a lava-lamp tree trunk.” The woodpecker is just as amazing as Kenney promised. “The swirls of red, yellow and orange contrast with the monochromatic cyan woodpecker and transforms the tree bark into a lava lamp.” says the exhibit sign.

Zoo Atlanta announced “Art meets science meets engineering in the eye-popping work of artist Sean Kenney – inviting you to reimagine the amazing complexities and interconnections of the wild world in fresh, fun, and unexpected ways. Expect to find startling bursts of color and boundary-blurring feats of innovation as you encounter works of sculptural art throughout the Zoo.”
The Nature Pop! exhibition illustrates the wide spectrum of color in which LEGO pieces are made. Interestingly, the LEGO palette has evolved over time—new colors are introduced while old colors are discontinued. From what I could find, LEGO pieces are currently available in 67 different colors. I wonder how many of those colors are used in this sculpture of a Dodo Bird.

The signs for this exhibition invite visitors to “Think Like an Artist” and to “Think Like a Scientist”. This sign reads:
“Think Like an Artist: The colored striping on this dodo bird evokes a sunset … projected onto the dodo’s body—a visual metaphor for the extinction of the species. Think Like a Scientist: Though often portrayed as clumsy and awkward, dodos were aptly evolved for their habitat in Mauritius. Strong legs enabled them to maneuver quickly. Long, hooked beaks allowed them to defend themselves.”

A majestic polar bear sculpture, depicting a mother bear with three cubs, is constructed of 112,450 bricks and took 389 hours to build. “The blue striping of the polar bear evokes the strata of a core of ice, as if the bear itself were forged from a glacier. This symbolizes the loss of the polar bears’ habitats and the receding glaciers of the Arctic.”

A delightful collection of LEGO rabbit sculptures, executed in a variety of poses and unexpected colors and patterns, is on display throughout Zoo Atlanta.

“Think Like an Artist: This whimsical and quirky collection displays many differently colored and patterned rabbits. In nature, rabbits’ colors and patterns vary, but not quite this dramatically. Think Like a Scientist: Naturally occurring colors and patterns of rabbits include lilac, opal agouti, orange, frosted pearl, black, blue tortoiseshell, silver fox and sandy.”

Kenney takes pride in the fact he uses only standard LEGO pieces that are available to everyone. “None of my sculptures are made with special Lego bricks,” he says. “I use the same ones that children play with.” One Nature Connects announcement put it this way “Kenney uses only standard, off-the-shelf, commercially available LEGO® pieces for his sculptures – no special colors or shapes. Each piece is connected to another, and the sculptures are built within the rules of the LEGO system.”
The golden dragonfly sculpture shown below may look familiar—it’s similar to the Roseate Skimmer from the Nature Connects exhibition—but the fanciful colors give it an entirely different appearance. The exhibit card notes “This dragonfly is composed of five sculptures: each wing is its own sculpture attached with a piece of metal on the diagonal. The artist used a photograph of a dragonfly where light shone through the wings to make the veins visible; this was replicated through texturing with LEGO bricks and highlights the connection between the veins and the body.”

Kenney’s website describes him as “a renowned, award-winning artist and ‘professional kid’ who uses LEGO pieces to design and create contemporary sculpture”. It seems to me, the professional kid is most apparent in this black-and-white zebra with an orange bow tie and playful horizontal stripes instead of realistic vertical ones.

When asked how long he’s been building with LEGO bricks, Kenney, the professional kid, replied “I’ve been building and playing with LEGO toys my whole life, but I’ve been building LEGO models professionally since 2005. I was a total ‘LEGO maniac’ when I was a kid, and LEGO toys were usually the only toys I ever asked for when my birthday would come around each year. I kept building LEGO models all through childhood and even into my teenage and adult years. What I love about LEGO toys is that they’re just so intrinsically fun and whimsical… I don’t know that I’ve ever seen someone look at my work and frown.” I have to agree—his LEGO sculptures make everyone smile!

More Info

You can learn more about Sean Kenney via the below links:
. Sean Kenney website which includes behind-the-scenes videos and an exhibition schedule
. This Artist Uses Thousands of LEGO® Bricks to Make Lifelike Sculptures of Animals – Smithsonian Magazine article
. An Interview with Sean Kenney, Artist Who Works With LEGO® Bricks – Imagine Exhibitions Blog post
Sean Kenney’s Nature Connects® was on display at the Atlanta Botanical Garden Gainesville location from March 4 to May 30, 2022.
Sean Kenney’s Nature POP®! is on display at Zoo Atlanta from May 13 to August 8, 2022. You can learn more on the Zoo Atlanta website.
Check out the LEGO website to see the latest and greatest developments in the world of LEGO Group including news on their upcoming 90-year anniversary celebrations.

Today’s Takeaways

1. LEGO bricks are a surprisingly effective art medium.
2. Larger-than-life replicas of birds and insects add wonder and charm.
3. Rendering recognizable forms in unexpected colors can make artwork pop.

Clay Gardening How Tos Make Nature

I Spy Something White

I spy, with my little eye, something that is white! A small flock of ornament-like, ceramic birds landed in my flower gardens this week.

I’ve been sprinkling the 4-5” birds amongst the shrubs and garden accessories.

Shooting the photos for this blog post was a fun photography challenge. I planned several shots in advance but I never imagined these bees (I think they’re Eastern Carpenter Bees) would make a cameo appearance!

Nor was I expecting this Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis) to steal the show.

Anoles are tree-dwelling lizards native to the USA Southeast. We often see them around our porch and garden and, because they eat a wide variety of insects and spiders, we’re glad to have them. They’re fun to watch especially when the males extend their throat fans, called dewlaps, in a bold display of territorial ownership.

The idea to scatter a collection of birds throughout the garden originated from an exhibit at the Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens in Nova Scotia. The exhibit was created by artist Shauna MacLeod of Black Crow Pottery. As explained by the artist “For this exhibit entitled “Bird Watching” in 2013, I produced 32 ceramic birds to commemorate the 32 years the Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens have been open. They have been placed in the Gardens on the branches and stems of the trees and shrubs along a pathway for visitors to search for and enjoy. Every year we add one more bird to commemorate another year passing. I pose the question: are you watching the birds or are these birds watching you?”
I chose to make my collection of ceramic birds all the same. They’re made from a slab of clay in a half-knot design and glazed with a glossy white finish. The knotted ceramic birds are surprisingly easy to make—here’s how it’s done.
The first step is to prepare a paper template. I’m sharing my template in this linked download file: Knotted Ceramic Bird – Complimentary Download. Simply print directly or download to print.
You’ll need a slab of clay, about ¼” thick, big enough for the printed template. I use the slab roller at the OCAF School Street Pottery Studio where I participate in open studio days but you can create slabs by hand or with a rolling pin.

Simply lay the paper template on your clay slab and cut out the bird. I usually compress the clay with a plastic rib.

Cut out a small hole for the eye with a hole cutter or other suitable tool. Smooth the cut edges. Keep the clay moist by covering it with plastic while you’re working.

The next step is to form the knot. I’ve learned that covering the clay with damp paper towels prior to this step makes it more pliable and prevents the clay from cracking as it’s twisted into shape. Work slowly and follow the three steps described on the template to tie the clay bird into a half knot. It will look like this.

Allow the knotted bird to dry for an hour or two. Then cut a hole on the top of the bird’s back—this is where the hanger will be attached. Carefully smooth any rough areas. Let the knotted bird dry for the bisque firing.

The knotted bird can be finished in a variety of ways. I chose to dip mine in a glossy white glaze. After some trial and error, I learned the trick to getting an even coat is to hang the bird from some wire. Insert a piece of wire through the eye hole and bend it into a ‘U”. Then holding the top end of the wire, quickly dip the bird into the glaze. Hook the top end of the wire around something sturdy and let the bird hang to dry.
Another factor to consider is how to position the birds for the glaze firing. The standard rule in a pottery studio is any part of a piece that makes contact with a kiln shelf must be completely free of glaze. This is normally accomplished by leaving the bottom of a piece unglazed. These birds, however, have an irregular, non-flat bottom and won’t sit on a shelf. Typically, pieces like this are placed on stilts in the kiln. The kiln stilts worked OK but they left noticeable marks on the bird’s side.
I decided to try a different approach by building a simple bisqueware rack for the final firing. As shown below, the bird is suspended in the rack by its beak and the tip of its tail. The beak and tail must be left unglazed to prevent the bird from becoming permanently attached to the rack. I used a pencil to mark exactly where the bird touches the rack and then waxed those areas before glazing. With either approach, these birds require a little extra care when being loaded into the kiln. (Special thanks to Louise, Cameron and the other folks who load the kilns at the OCAF School Street Pottery Studio!)

To hang the knotted ceramic bird, insert a short piece of wire through the hole in the bird’s back. Use pliers to twist a small spiral knot into the bottom end and pull into place. Have fun finding the perfect spot for your new knotted ceramic bird and let the I Spy games begin!

More Info

You can download the project template here: Knotted Ceramic Bird – Complimentary Download.
Check out the Black Crow Pottery website to learn more about the talented Shauna MacLeod and her gorgeous artwork.
The Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens are located in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada. “In a beautiful setting overlooking a tidal river valley, the Historic Gardens is a premiere Nova Scotia attraction showcasing gardening methods, designs and materials representing more than four hundred years of local history.” I’ve visited these stunning gardens a few times over the years and welcome any opportunity to stroll through the 17 acres of natural and historic beauty.
You can learn more about the Oconee Cultural Arts Foundation (OCAF) on their website. Classes and workshops offered at the Watkinsville, Georgia, USA location are also listed. OCAF’s School Street Pottery Studio hosts open studio hours for those with clay experience.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Display small art objects in multiples for impact.
2. A knotted ceramic bird is a great project for learning to work with clay.
3. Consider tucking away little surprises in your garden to add a sense of discovery.

Nature Wildlife

Are Gourds for the Birds?

Nesting season is wrapping up for another year here in the US Southeast. It was a highly entertaining season for bird landlords. We had several repeat tenants and a few newcomers. Our favorite tenant has to be the Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis). These charming little fellows moved in early and set about the business of raising their families without any fuss.

We counted at least four broods scattered amongst the various housing options. The most popular choices were the wooden birdhouses I built a few years ago. I shared detailed step-by-step instructions for this birdhouse in the blog post DIY Bluebird-Approved Birdhouse Tutorial.

The bluebirds also tried some of our other rental properties including this fancy one purchased from a talented, local woodworker.

It’s fun to see the youngsters leave the nest and gain their independence. Here’s a juvenile bluebird checking out the birdbath.

This was the first year we had nesting Brown Thrashers (Toxostoma rufum). We had at least two pairs build nests in the flowering shrubs around the house. This is a Brown Thrasher sitting on their nest in our Lady Banks Rose.

I managed to get this photo of the Brown Thrasher’s eggs but it was a death-defying act! These parents are hypervigilant and quick to dive bomb anything that gets too close.

The juvenile Brown Thrashers also seemed to appreciate the nearby birdbath. Here one wades in, makes a few waves and then ducks under.

This rustic wooden birdhouse, which we call the Condo Birdhouse, was popular in previous years but didn’t see much action this year.

Here’s a Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) feeding the family in the Condo Birdhouse last year.

This is my all-time favorite tenant from the Condo Birdhouse—the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea). This bright, handsome songbird set up house two years ago but made only a few brief appearances this year.

Several Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) visited this season. These energetic little birds really know how to belt out a song!

The Carolina Wrens are not, however, easy tenants. They’ve shown zero interest in this wooden nest box despite the fact it was specifically sold as a wren house.

Instead, the Carolina Wrens have taken up residence in the most inconvenient places—one year it was in a decorative pot (shown below) and the next year it was in the outlet of our exhaust fan.

The Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) is a timid little songbird. It makes regular appearances but has yet to move into one of our properties.

This blog post would never end if I tried to list every bird we’ve seen. Instead, I’d like to consider what changes, if any, should be made for next year. Do we need to add some new properties? Upgrade or relocate any of our rental units? What building materials should we use? What features are most sought after?
It’s helpful to consider where these birds nest in their natural habitat. Most of them fall into the category of cavity nesters. In North America, there are about 85 different species of cavity nesters divided into three significant groups:
1) primary cavity nesters/ strong excavators
2) primary cavity nesters/ weak excavators
3) secondary cavity nesters.
Primary cavity nesters/ strong excavators, woodpeckers for instance, use their strong beaks to excavate their own homes from hard or soft woods. Primary cavity nesters/ weak excavators, chickadees and wrens for instance, can excavate their own homes but only from snags. Snags are dead trees that are left upright to decompose naturally.

The third group, secondary cavity nesters, swallows and bluebirds for instance, cannot excavate their own cavities and instead adopt those already made by the primary cavity nesters.
Further online research reveals how to best meet the needs of cavity nesters. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s NestWatch website offers a comprehensive infographic explaining the Features of a Good Birdhouse along with various nest plans. Here’s a partial screenshot of the infographic.

The infographic contains great advice for wooden birdhouses. But ever since my recent introduction to gourds (see A Gourd Gathering… Wait, What?), I’ve been wondering about the possibility of using gourds for birdhouses. There are numerous online references for using gourds to house Purple Martins (Progne subis). The Purple Martin Conservation Association explains the appeal, “Purple Martins are native songbirds in the swallow family. East of the Rocky Mountains, Purple Martins nest almost exclusively in human-supplied housing. They are dependent on us for their survival. They are one of America’s most well-loved songbirds for many reasons; their chattering song, aerial acrobatics, insect-eating habits and their tolerance of humans.” Purple Martins like to nest in colonies and experts recommend starting with at least 6 to 8 birdhouses or compartments. Shown below are typical purple martin colonies with what appear to be PVC plastic gourds.

Aside from Purple Martins, I couldn’t find much online evidence that birds will actually nest in gourds. A detailed evaluation of NestWatch’s characteristics of a Good Birdhouse suggests a gourd could meet most of the criteria.

Additionally, different birds have specific requirements. NestWatch provides a wealth of information as well as nest box plans for nearly 60 species. Shown below, for instance, is the entry for the Carolina Chickadee.

I did the same evaluation for the Carolina Chickadee nest box requirements and it appears, that by selecting the right size gourd, these criteria could also be met.

My next step will be to build a few gourd nest boxes while exploring options to meet the NestWatch specifications as closely as possible. They should be ready for the next nesting season. Then we’ll see if gourds really are for the birds!

More Info

See the previous FanningSparks blog post, DIY Bluebird-Approved Birdhouse Tutorial, for step-by-step instructions to build a birdhouse for bluebirds.
In the blog post, A Gourd Gathering… Wait, What?, I share my experience attending my first Gourd Gathering and delve into the world of gourds.
NestWatch, by The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, “is a nationwide monitoring program designed to track status and trends in the reproductive biology of birds, including when nesting occurs, number of eggs laid, how many eggs hatch, and how many hatchlings survive. Our database is intended to be used to study the current condition of breeding bird populations and how they may be changing over time as a result of climate change, habitat degradation and loss, expansion of urban areas, and the introduction of non-native plants and animals.” The NestWatch website has many great resources including:
. Features of a Good Birdhouse Infographic
. Right Bird, Right House Interactive
The Purple Martin Conservation Association (PMCA) “is the world leader in research, education and conservation of Purple Martins, North America’s largest swallow. … The PMCA serves as a centralized data-gathering and information source on the species, serving both the scientist and Purple Martin enthusiast.” See their website for more information.

Today’s Takeaways

1. Find out which birds you can build a nest box for in your region and habitat with the NestWatch Right Bird, Right House tool.
2. Learn how to build good birdhouses with NestWatch reference materials.
3. Leverage NestWatch resources to learn more about birds and nest monitoring.

Decorate Exteriors Gardening Nature

Count Only Sunny Hours

Hooray for summer! Long days… glorious sunshine… the perfect time to think about sundials!
For centuries, sundials were the primary means of keeping time. The oldest known sundial was found in Egypt and dates from about 1500 BC. Sundials continued to dominate until the 19^th century when mechanical clocks took over. Nowadays, sundials are more likely to decorate a garden or outdoor space than to serve as a timekeeping device. But, with careful planning and attention to detail, they can do both!
I’ve seen many sundials in my travels. Let’s take a closer look at a few of these classic instruments. This sundial, at Middleton Place in South Carolina, is an attractive garden feature. The sundial is displayed on a pedestal in a wide-open area where it can easily catch the sun’s rays.

This type of sundial is referred to as a horizontal sundial. It has a flat plate with an elevated, angled arm called a gnomon.

Hours are marked on the flat plate. The sun casts a shadow under the gnomon. The shadow hits the hour markings to indicate the time. According to the shadow on this sundial, it was close to 4:00 when I took this photo.

Here’s a less formal take on the horizontal sundial. The rustic wooden stand and minimalistic dial and gnomon are prefect for its Carolina Beach setting.

Many sundials, especially horizontal models, are inscribed with a brief, meaningful phrase. The sundial pictured below features the popular motto: “I Count Only Sunny Hours”.

A Book of Sundial Mottoes, compiled by Alfred H Hyatt and published in 1903, provides a variety of suggestions. Many of the mottoes were originally in Latin. A few examples are shown below. “Without Shadow Nothing” is my personal favorite.

Not all sundials have a flat surface. Armillary sundials, sometimes called shadow clocks, represent both a terrestrial globe and a celestial sphere. Armillary spheres are known to have existed in ancient Greece and China. Mechanical versions evolved to serve as planetarium devices for observation and teaching.
Although they are noticeably different from the horizontal sundial, an armillary sundial also keeps time by using a gnomon to cast a shadow on an hourly scale. The below armillary sundial was spotted in Chester, Nova Scotia. It is known as the Parade Square Sundial and anchors a small public garden. The sundial is huge—I’d guess it’s about 9-10’ tall—which allows for an unusually precise time scale with 5-minute increments. Notice the below photo was taken between 10:25 and 10:30.

Here’s another example of an armillary sundial. I spotted this one at the Keukenhof spring gardens in Lisse, Netherlands.

Hemispherium dials are yet another model of sundial. This one, from Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina, is a charming sculpture by Brenda Putnam (1890-1975).

I believe the sundial pictured below would be called a bowstring equatorial sundial. It was also spotted at the Keukenhof.

This stunning artwork, spotted at Stichting Land Art Delft in Delft, Netherlands, is a wonderful, modern spin on the sundial. I’m guessing it would be considered a vertical sundial.

I pulled several different sundials into the below image for a side-by-side comparison. Models of a bowstring equatorial sundial, vertical sundial, armillary sundial, hemispherium dial and horizontal sundial are included.

Despite the remarkable differences, all of these sundials are timekeeping instruments—they all have markings to indicate the daylight hours and they all use the shadow of a gnomon to indicate the time. Chances are, I’ve tried to read the time on all of them—I can’t seem to pass a sundial without checking! More often than not, I compare the Solar Time on the sundial to the Clock Time on my watch, iPhone or camera. More often than not, the times are close but rarely are they exactly the same. I have always wondered why.
How to Read a Sundial
After considerable research and some serious puzzling, I think I have the full picture on reading sundials. A key point is that, because a sundial uses the moving shadow cast by the sun to keep time, the actual interaction between the sun and the Earth must be taken into consideration.
My most important finding is that the exact location (ie longitude and latitude) of the sundial impacts how the sun’s shadow will fall on the sundial. The sundial itself must be calibrated for the location’s latitude. Thus, a generic, off-the-shelf sundial cannot tell time reliably.
Step 1: Check the sundial for messages or markings that indicate it has been customized for the location. If so, find the shadow on the hour markings and take note of the Solar Time.
My second most important finding is that there are three calculations which must be applied to the sundial’s Solar Time to determine Clock Time. You may want to dust off your elementary school science skills for this next section! The first calculation is called the Equation of Time.
Equation of Time
. Sundials work because the Earth makes a complete rotation on its axis every day. The Earth’s axis isn’t perpendicular to the plane of the Earth, it is tilted at an angle of about 23.5°. The Earth’s orbit isn’t circular, it is actually an ellipse. The Earth’s tilt and its elliptical orbit cause the length of each day to vary slightly.
. Clock Time ignores this difference and is deliberately configured to treat all days as exactly 24 hours long.
. This causes a variance between Solar Time and Clock Time. Depending on the sundial’s location, it can vary from being about 14 minutes 20 seconds slow around 12th February to being about 16 minutes 23 seconds fast around 3rd November. Solar Time and Clock Time coincide on four days of the year: 16th April, 14th June, 2nd September and 25th December. The cycle repeats every year. The below graph illustrates the Equation of Time.

Step 2: Consult a detailed Equation of Time chart (or use an online calculator) to manually adjust the Solar Time by the number of minutes indicated for the relevant day of the year.
Longitude Correction for Time Zones
The second calculation is called Longitude Correction and it has to do with Time Zones.
. Clock Time is standardized into time zones. A single time zone covers a range of longitudes. Each time zone is identified by a specific reference meridian which lies midway between the east and west bounds of the zone.
. Solar Time is specific to the single meridian in which the sundial is located.
Step 3: Adjust the Solar Time to match what the reading would be at the time zone meridian. This is done by calculating the difference between the sundial’s longitude and the reference meridian of the relevant time zone. Then adding or subtracting 4 minutes for each degree of difference: subtract the minutes if the sundial is east of the reference meridian or add the minutes if the sundial is west of the reference meridian.
For instance, a sundial in my garden would be located at 83⁰ West in the Eastern Standard Time Zone. The reference meridian for this time zone is 75⁰ West. So, I would have a difference of 8 degrees, to the west of the reference meridian, and need to add 4 minutes for each of those 8 degrees. The result would be an increase of 32 minutes on my Solar Time.
Hours of Daylight
The third calculation is easier since daylight savings time is a familiar concept.
. A sundial is calibrated for either Standard Time or Daylight Savings Time.
Step 4: Determine if the sundial is set to Standard Time or Daylight Savings Time. Add or subtract an hour if needed.
Once again, I’m on the lookout for sundials. I’ll be searching for one which has been calibrated to match its location so I can try the Solar Time to Clock Time conversion. Admittedly, it will be much faster and easier to just check my phone for the time!

More Info

Check out the North American Sundial Society website for more information about sundials. The society is an association of people from a wide variety of disciplines who are interested in the study, development, history, and preservation of sundials. The website includes a directory of sundials in North America.
An interactive calculator designed to help compute the impact of the Equation of Time on a Solar Time reading can be found on the PLANETCALC website. See Equation of Time online calculator.
More information about the public gardens and towns mentioned in this post can be found at these linked websites:
. Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina, USA
. Town of Carolina Beach in North Carolina, USA
. Town of Chester in Nova Scotia, Canada
. Keukenhof spring gardens in Lisse, The Netherlands
. Brookgreen Gardens in Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA
. Stichting Land Art Delft park in Delft, The Netherlands

Today’s Takeaways

1. Sundials are the earliest known instruments for timekeeping.
2. Modern sundials can be both decorative and functional.
3. With careful planning and attention to detail, sundials can be used to determine Clock Time.

Have Barn Quilts Made a Comeback?

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New Chickadee Gourd Nest Box Goes on the Market

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Nature Connects and Pops with LEGO Bricks

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I Spy Something White

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Are Gourds for the Birds?

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Count Only Sunny Hours

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